英軍總參謀長：世界已到第三次世界大戰的開戰邊緣

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https://news.sky.com/story/britain-and-allies-face-1937-moment-following-ukraine-war-head-of-army-to-warn-12641463

Britain and allies face '1937 moment' following Ukraine war, head of army warns

General Sir Patrick Sanders says deterring Russia "means more of the army ready more of the time" and that he expects "all ranks to get ready, train hard and engage".

https://twitter.com/alastairbruce_/status/1542025846445178882

Britain and its allies face their "1937 moment" following Russia's invasion of Ukraine and must do everything possible to avert another world war, the new head of the army has said.

The warning emerged as Prime Minister Boris Johnson is expected to announce an uplift in UK defence spending this week, in line with growing security challenges.

General Sir Patrick Sanders, the chief of the general staff, said Russian President Vladimir Putin and his "expansionist ambitions" pose the greatest threat to sovereignty, democracy and the freedom to live without violence that he has ever known.

General Sanders, who took over as chief of the army last month, said his sole focus is "mobilising the army to meet the new threat we face".

He said the "British Army is not mobilising to provoke war, it is mobilising to prevent war" in Europe.

He called the scale of the war in Ukraine "unprecedented".

"In all my years in uniform I haven't known such a clear threat to the principals of sovereignty and democracy and the freedom to live without fear of violence as the brutal aggression of President Putin and his expansionist ambitions," he said.

His comments, at an annual army conference in London, were made as Mr Johnson and fellow leaders of the 30-member NATO alliance prepare to meet in Madrid for a landmark summit, dominated by the West's response to Russia's war.

Asked if we are preparing for war with Russia, the PM said: "I don't think it will come to that, and clearly we are working very hard to make sure that we confine this to Ukraine.

"Putin and the Kremlin are going to try to widen the conflict and try to say that this is something to do between NATO and Russia - and that's not it at all.

"This is about an invasion of an independent, sovereign country. It's about the West and all the friends of Ukraine giving them the support that they need to protect themselves."

However, General Sanders' warnings will be echoed by Defence Secretary Ben Wallace, who is also expected to speak at the army conference before he travels to attend the NATO summit.

Mr Wallace is set to indicate a desire for greater spending on the UK's armed forces from 2025, following what has already been a multi-billion-pound boost to defence spending this parliament.

"The defence secretary is expected to emphasise that now that the threat has changed, governments must be prepared to invest to keep us safe," a defence source said.

Mr Johnson refused to be drawn on reports his defence secretary wants a 20% increase in funding over the next five years for Britain to meet shortfalls in military capabilities.

"When it comes to UK defence spending, clearly we have to respond to the way the threats continue to change," he said.

"We've now got a defence budget that's £24bn bigger under the spending review - the biggest increase in defence spending since the end of the Cold War.

"Last year, the UK was the third biggest defence spender in the world," he added.

With Russia's invasion changing the security landscape in Europe, the head of the NATO alliance has already revealed that allies will significantly increase the size of a high readiness force to more than 300,000 personnel up from around 40,000.

General Sanders gave details of his view on the threat posed by Russia and how his army is adapting, with a greater focus on urban combat and rebuilding costly stockpiles of weapons - allowed to be hollowed out to save money since the end of the Cold War.

It is a move that will require all ranks from general to lance corporal to "get ready, train hard and engage", he said.

"This is our 1937 moment," the army chief said, referring to the crucial period leading up to World War Two.

"We are not at war - but must act rapidly so that we aren't drawn into one through a failure to contain territorial expansion… I will do everything in my power to ensure that the British Army plays its part in averting war."

The challenge means the army must modernise, embracing new technologies such as cyber warfare and long-range missiles, but also retain traditional soldiering skills.

General Sanders said if a battle came "standoff air, maritime or cyber fires are unlikely to dominate on their own - land will still be the decisive to domain", adding that "you can't cyber your way across a river".

He said the army's mobilisation is "not the rush to war at the speed of the railway timetables of 1914" but is an "acceleration of the most important parts of Future Soldier's bold modernisation agenda… an increased focus on readiness and combined arms training."

Future Soldier is the name given to the army's plans for its capabilities.

This will mean more training on combining the different domains of warfare - land, sea, air, cyber and space as well as rebuilding stockpiles.

General Sanders also said the army will "review the deployability of our vehicle fleet".

This could be a signal of a decision to be made about a multi-billion-pound programme to develop a mini-tank called Ajax that has been beset with problems and has not yet delivered.

The top officer said deterring Russia "means more of the army ready more of the time" and that he expects "all ranks to get ready, train hard and engage".